The verb 'beat up' implies a severe physical attack, more intense than just being hit once. The victim was beaten up to the point where hospitalization was necessary.
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Figurative Usage
Sometimes, 'beat up' is used figuratively to describe self-criticism or harsh judgment towards oneself. Don't beat yourself up over a small mistake, learn from it!
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Informal Context
'Beat up' is informal and used more in spoken than written language, and mostly in casual conversation or media, not formal contexts. He didn’t want to admit it, but I could tell he had been beaten up.