This phrase emphasizes a strong emotional injury, more than physical harm. The mockery from his friends cut him to the quick, leaving him feeling betrayed.
Pro Tip 2/3
Metaphorical Usage
Used metaphorically for emotional pain, not physical cutting. When she learned her project was rejected, it cut her to the quick.
Pro Tip 3/3
Deeply Personal
The phrase suggests the hurt feelings are personal and significant to the individual. His accusations about her honesty cut her to the quick.