The phrase is informal, suitable for casual conversations but not for formal or official settings. Since we have time to play with before the train leaves, let's grab a coffee.
Pro Tip 2/3
Positive Connotation
The phrase often implies a positive opportunity to use extra resources creatively or freely. Our project is ahead of schedule, so we've got some extra hours to play with for testing.
Pro Tip 3/3
Not Always Literal
The phrase may not imply literal play, but rather the freedom to decide how to use something. With the bonus I received, I now have extra money to play with for investments.