Used specifically when someone is hiding to avoid being caught by the police. After the heist, he went on the lam.
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Urgency and Desperation
Implies a sense of urgency or desperation to avoid capture, not a leisurely hiding. Desperate to avoid jail, she was on the lam, moving from city to city.
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Cultural Usage
Most commonly used in North American English and often found in crime novels or movies. The detective novel described how the thief was on the lam for months.