The phrase is mainly used in the UK, so it may not be well understood elsewhere. When I moved to America, nobody understood when I said I was on my uppers.
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Figurative Use
'On your uppers' is a metaphor related to worn-out shoe soles, meaning you've hit a low point. Without a penny to his name, he was truly on his uppers.
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Informal Context
The expression is casual and typically used in informal conversations or writing. I can't join you for dinner, I'm on my uppers until payday.