Used when someone has used all their energy in an activity, often sports-related. After running the marathon, he had played himself out.
Pro Tip 2/3
Full Effort
Implies giving all one's effort, usually in a positive sense of dedication or commitment. She played herself out during the competition to win the first prize.
Pro Tip 3/3
Exhaust Resources
Can refer to using all available resources or options until nothing is left. The team played itself out with early aggressive plays and had no strategies left.