The phrase expresses a very strong emotional reaction, not just a mild dislike. At the news of the corrupt politician's victory, his gorge rose in sheer frustration.
Pro Tip 2/3
Figurative Sense
It's used figuratively and doesn't usually relate to physical sensations. When she heard the offensive remarks, her gorge rose at the ignorance.
Pro Tip 3/3
Intensity Indicator
The phrase often precedes or follows descriptions of situations that provoke strong indignation or repulsion. His gorge rose at the sight of the unruly crowd littering the park.