The phrase emphasizes a strong emotional response, more than just being scared. The haunted house was designed to strike terror into the hearts of all who dared enter.
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Metaphorical Usage
The phrase is often used metaphorically to describe an overwhelmingly fearful situation. His menacing glare struck fear into his opponent's heart.
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Narrative Device
Writers use this phrase to create suspense or foreshadow a dramatic event in stories. The villain's return struck dread into the heart of the entire kingdom.