Often used metaphorically to describe harm to one's social status rather than physical damage. A scandal would besmirch the minister's virtuous image.
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Negative Connotation
Carries a strong negative connotation, implying intentional or malicious actions. Her political rival deliberately besmirched her by spreading lies.
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Intensity of Harm
Indicates more than just criticism; suggests serious harm to someone's reputation. Once trustworthy, the scientist found his integrity besmirched by the false data.