The suffix 'ology' indicates a field of scientific study or academic discipline. Meteorology involves the study of atmospheric phenomena and weather forecasting.
Pro Tip 2/3
Not Always Science
'Ology' can refer to nonscientific studies too, denoting just a field of knowledge. Folklorology is the study of folklore and cultural traditions, not strictly a science.
Pro Tip 3/3
Common Endings
Many academic fields ending in 'ology' also have a corresponding 'ologist' who studies that field. A paleontologist studies paleontology, the science of ancient life and fossils.