Use 'penultimate' to emphasize the importance of the second to last position, often in a buildup to a climax. The novel's penultimate scene was the key to understanding the protagonist's decision.
Pro Tip 2/3
Not for Pen Names
Avoid 'penultimate' for items without a sequence; it's not correct to use it as a fancier term for 'almost last'. Incorrect: His penultimate name on the list was John. (There's no specified sequence)
Pro Tip 3/3
Misinterpretation Risk
Be aware others might misunderstand 'penultimate' as 'ultimate'; ensure clarity by contextual cues. She excitedly arrived at the penultimate round, knowing the final was yet to come.