The shuttlecock is fundamental to badminton like a ball is to soccer or basketball. Without a shuttlecock, you can't play a proper game of badminton.
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Feathered Projectile
The feathers on a shuttlecock help it to fly stable and slow down vertically. The shuttlecock's feathers make it flip and slow down for the opponent to hit.
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Cultural Origins
Shuttlecocks are part of ancient games, like the Chinese 'Jiànzi,' not just modern badminton. Traditional shuttlecocks in Asia were often homemade and used in cultural games.