Alan Guth

If you bang two electrons together with enough energy, you produce protons. If there are no independent laws, then all the properties of protons must somehow be 'known' by the electrons. By extension, every elementary particle must carry around enough information to produce the entire universe. I find that difficult to believe.

American Physicist

Raymond Davis, Jr.

Every time four protons are turned into a helium nucleus, two neutrinos are produced. These neutrinos take only two seconds to reach the surface of the Sun and another eight minutes or so to reach the Earth. Thus, neutrinos tell us what happened in the center of the Sun eight minutes ago.

American Scientist

Robert Winston

It's extraordinary to think that if you walked into a room and said you had never heard of Hamlet, you would be regarded as a Philistine. But you could walk into the same room and say, 'I don't know what a proton is,' and people would just laugh and say, 'Why should you know?

British Scientist

Mahathir Mohamad

We can go into the Chinese market, develop the engine, new models of cars. Proton can compete. What is the point of giving the company to foreigners? It will revert to the same situation where foreigners just assemble their cars here. We learn nothing.

Malaysian Politician

Frederic Joliot-Curie

In England and the United States, where physicists have at their disposal equipment of very high voltages, several new elements were prepared using protons and deuterons as projectiles.

French Physicist

Martin Rees

Science is a part of culture. Indeed, it is the only truly global culture because protons and proteins are the same all over the world, and it's the one culture we can all share.

Carlo Rubbia

Quark-antiquark collisions cannot be realized directly since free quarks are not available. The closest substitute is to use collisions between protons and antiprotons.

Italian Physicist

Daniel Levitin

I have never seen a proton or electron spinning around it. I have never actually seen a chromosome. I trust that they exist because people who I trust tell me they do.

John Polkinghorne

Nevertheless, all of us who work in quantum physics believe in the reality of a quantum world, and the reality of quantum entities like protons and electrons.

British Physicist

Jean-Marie Lehn

My first scientific paper in 1961 reported an additivity rule for substituent-induced shifts of proton NMR signals in steroid derivatives.

French Scientist

Protons are fundamental to understanding atoms, and the number of protons defines the element.

Atomic Structure

Each proton carries a positive charge affecting how atoms interact with each other.

Positive Charge

In nuclear reactions, protons can be involved in fusion and fission processes, often discussed in physics.

Nuclear Reactions

Proton therapy is a precise form of radiation therapy, causing less damage to surrounding tissues.

Cancer Treatment

'Proton' in a medical context refers to advanced and specific cancer treatment methods.

Modern Medicine

Proton therapy is considered cutting-edge technology and is not available in all hospitals.

Cutting-Edge Therapy

 They make up a single, giant edifice, obeying the same physical laws and all made from the same types of atoms, electrons, protons, quarks, neutrinos that make up you and me. However, recent theories in physics, including one called string theory, are now telling us there could be countless other universes,

How many universes are...

 this bump could have appeared by a statistical fluke. So back to the dark matter. If the LHC's proton beams have enough energy to produce it, that's probably an even rarer occurrence than the Higgs boson. So it takes quadrillions of collisions combined with theoretical models to even start to look.

Could we create dark...

 So we go on a journey deep inside the object and examine the constituents. So deep inside -- we all know, you go sufficiently far down, you have atoms. We also all know that atoms are not the end of the story. They have little electrons that swarm around a central nucleus with neutrons and protons.

Making sense of string...

 not the end of the story they have little electrons that swarm around a central nucleus with neutrons and protons even the neutrons and protons have smaller particles inside of them known as quarks that is where conventional ideas stop here is the new idea of string theory deep inside any of

String theory - Brian...

 electrons, protons, quarks, neutrinos, that make up you and me. However, recent theories in physics, including one called string theory, are now telling us there could be countless other universes built on different types of particles, with different properties, obeying different laws.

Questions No One Knows...

 that protons begin to fuse in all sorts of exotic combinations, to form all the elements of the periodic table. If, like me, you're wearing a gold ring, it was forged in a supernova explosion. So now the universe is chemically more complex. And in a chemically more complex universe,

The history of our world...

 These cosmic rays, most of which are protons, interact violently with the matter and radiation around them, producing high-energy neutrinos, which propagate out like cosmic breadcrumbs that can tell us about the locations and interiors of the universe's most powerful cosmic engines.

Why neutrinos matter -...

 But that still doesn't explain why snowflakes have six sides. To understand that, we need to delve deeper into the physics of water. Water is made out of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. A single water molecule thus has ten protons and ten electrons,

The science of...

 matter was in the form of plasma photons protons and electrons were all together in this cosmic soup photons and electrons were interacting so that the universe was opaque for much the same reason that you can't see through the

The making of cosmic...

 for subatomic particles to form. Then, in the hadron epoch, the universe cooled down enough for quarks to bind together and form protons and neutrons. In the lepton and nuclear epics, the radiation era's last two stages,