It's an informal British phrase and not commonly understood outside the UK. I didn't know 'go down a bomb' was British slang until I used it in the US and got puzzled looks.
Pro Tip 2/3
Positive Impact
It suggests something made a very good impression and was extremely effective. Your presentation went down a bomb with our clients!
Pro Tip 3/3
Social Context
Use it in casual conversation or when talking about social events for the right tone. The DJ's set went down a bomb at the party last night!