Used when a certain factor might cause problems or prevent a favorable outcome. The lack of funding could militate against the completion of the project on time.
Pro Tip 2/3
Not Physical Force
It does not mean using physical force, but rather refers to an action or effect that is metaphorically 'against' something. New regulations militate against rapid company growth.
Pro Tip 3/3
Negative Influence
Highlights a negative influence that works to the disadvantage of someone or something. His lack of experience may militate against him in landing the managerial position.