The phrase indicates a serious offense within legal contexts, implying intention to disrupt justice. If you lie to protect a friend, you might pervert the course of justice.
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Not Just Lying
Involves any act that hampers legal proceedings, not only giving false statements. Destroying documents can also be seen as an attempt to pervert the course of justice.
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Context Specific
It's mostly used in formal, legal discussions and rarely in everyday conversation. In court, they discussed whether witness intimidation was perverting the course of justice.