Use it to describe fear so intense it may affect someone's deep emotions or beliefs. After watching the horror movie alone at night, it put the fear of God into me.
Pro Tip 2/3
Influence Behavior
The phrase often implies using fear to make someone change their actions quickly. When she saw the consequences of not studying, it put the fear of God into her to work harder.
Pro Tip 3/3
Not Literal
It's not usually about religious fear, but rather a strong scare or a wake-up call. His near-miss car accident put the fear of God into him to drive more carefully.