Used when an abrupt event or noise interrupts sleep or inattention. The fire alarm led to the arousal of all the guests at the hotel.
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Mental Alertness
It can refer to the process of becoming mentally engaged or interested in something. A good debate often leads to the arousal of intellectual curiosity.
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Metaphorical Use
Sometimes used metaphorically for non-physical 'awakening' like awareness of issues. The documentary aimed at the arousal of public interest in environmental protection.