Carboniferous/ˌkɑːrbəˈnɪfərəs/ Definition 1 of 1Pro Tip 1/3Geologic Era Refers to a specific time in Earth's history when extensive coal deposits formed. The Carboniferous period was crucial for the coal we use today. Pro Tip 2/3Technical Term Used in geology and paleontology, not in everyday conversation. Scientists study Carboniferous rock formations for ancient plant fossils. Pro Tip 3/3Not Present Day Indicates something very old, not relating to current times. Carboniferous fossils provide a window into the distant past.