Dromedaries are adapted to desert life, a context to mention when discussing survival in harsh conditions. Unlike horses, dromedaries can survive for days without water.
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Not Bactrian
Don't confuse dromedaries with Bactrian camels, which have two humps instead of one. I saw a dromedary at the zoo, not to be mistaken with the two-humped Bactrian camel.
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Symbol of Arabia
Dromedaries are often associated with Arabian culture and imagery. The dromedary in the painting evoked the feel of an Arabian desert.