This meaning often refers to a temporary inability due to an event or condition. The soldier was incapacitated by the injury during the mission.
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Negative Outcome
The word usually implies a disadvantage or hindrance in achieving goals. His fear of public speaking incapacitated him during the debate.
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Metaphorical Use
It can be used metaphorically to express being overwhelmed or emotionally affected. The news of the earthquake incapacitated the whole community with shock.