Consider the situation and tone when interpreting words to avoid misreading them. He was joking, but she misconstrued his sarcasm as seriousness.
Pro Tip 2/3
Not Always Negative
'Misconstrue' doesn't only apply to negative statements, it can also happen with positive ones. His enthusiasm was misconstrued as sarcasm by the audience.
Pro Tip 3/3
Avoid Assumptions
Don't assume you understand intent; ask questions if unsure to prevent misconstruing. She misconstrued his silence as agreement, but he actually had doubts.