Refers to when the sun is at its highest and often hottest point in the sky. The noonday sun can be harsh, so wear sunscreen.
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Time Specific
It specifically denotes 12 PM or the middle of the day, not morning or evening. Let's meet at the park during the noonday so it's easier to find each other.
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Activities Context
Used to describe activities best done when the sun is brightest, like drying clothes. The clothes will dry quickly in the noonday heat.